https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/bang-gia-chi-phi-chua-tri-benh-tri-tai-ha-noi-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tin-y-hoc.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/chi-phi-pha-thai-bang-thuoc-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tai-ha-noi-tin-y-hoc.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/cac-phuong-phap-cach-pha-thai-bang-thuoc-co-an-toan-khong-diem-tin-y-te.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/than-duong-vat-noi-mun-kem-theo-ngua-co-phai-benh-xa-hoi-nguy-hiem-tin-moi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/diem-danh-top-23-dia-chi-phong-kham-phu-khoa-uy-tin-tot-nhat-o-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/danh-sach-9-dia-chi-benh-vien-phong-kham-nam-khoa-uy-tin-tot-tai-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/tin-top-10-dia-chi-benh-vien-phong-kham-chua-benh-tri-tot-nhat-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/tin-15-dia-chi-benh-vien-cat-tuyen-mo-hoi-nach-tot-tai-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/top-13-dia-chi-phong-kham-benh-vien-kham-phu-khoa-tot-va-uy-tin-tai-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/tin-nen-di-va-mang-trinh-o-dau-tot-chi-phi-het-bao-nhieu-tien.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/tin-y-te-top-9-bac-si-tu-van-kham-phu-khoa-gioi-o-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytethanhba.vn/medical/top-10-phong-kham-phu-khoa-uy-tin-an-toan-nhat-ha-noi.html
https://benhviendakhoacamkhe.vn/uploads/medical/tu-van-3-cach-pha-thai-an-toan-uy-tin-nhat-hien-nay.html
https://benhviendakhoacamkhe.vn/uploads/medical/bang-gia-chi-phi-pha-thai-an-toan-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tin-y-te.html
https://trungtamytehuyentanson.com.vn/uploads/health/tinsukhoe.html?ctbv=tu-van-gia-pha-thai-tai-phong-kham-pha-thai-o-gan-ha-noi
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/top-8-dia-chi-kham-chua-benh-tri-o-dau-tot-tai-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/top-7-dia-chi-phong-kham-chua-benh-sui-mao-ga-tot-o-dau-ha-noi-uy-tin.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/gia-chi-phi-chua-benh-lau-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tai-ha-noi-tin-y-te.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-y-khoa-phuong-phap-cach-pha-thai-an-toan-nhat-khong-dau.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/bac-si-giai-dap-hut-thai-co-dau-khong-het-bao-nhieu-tien-o-dau-tot-uy-tin.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/top-dia-chi-phong-kham-benh-vien-phau-thuat-cat-bao-quy-dau-uy-tin-tot-nhat-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-y-te-tai-sao-than-duong-vat-noi-mun-do-trang-gay-ngua.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/nen-di-kham-phu-khoa-o-dau-top-6-dia-chi-kham-phu-khoa-tot-nhat-tai-ha-noi-ban-tin-y-te.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/va-mang-trinh-het-bao-nhieu-tien-o-dau-an-toan-va-kin-dao-tin-y-hoc.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-y-te-top-dia-chi-co-cach-chua-viem-lo-tuyen-co-tu-cung-tot-nhat.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-suc-khoe-benh-hoi-nach-la-gi-cach-chua-tri-benh-hoi-nach-triet-de-vinh-vien.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-y-hoc-benh-mun-rop-sinh-duc-la-gi-co-nguy-hiem-khong.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-y-hoc-gai-sinh-duc-la-gi-thuong-moc-o-dau-tren-co-the.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/review-bang-gia-chi-phi-kham-phu-khoa-o-ha-noi-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tin-tuc.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/thuoc-pha-thai-mua-o-dau-an-toan-co-nen-tu-y-dung-tin-y-hoc.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/ban-tin-suc-khoe-vung-kin-bi-nam-am-dao-co-the-dieu-tri-tai-nha-duoc-khong.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/cat-tuyen-mo-hoi-nach-gia-bao-nhieu-sau-cat-co-anh-huong-gi-tin-y-hoc.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-y-hoc-nguyen-nhan-va-cach-giam-chua-dau-bung-kinh-nguyet-nhanh-tuc-thoi.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/chia-se-cach-chua-benh-sui-mao-ga-o-nam-va-nu-gioi-tin-y-te.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/cach-nhan-biet-dau-hieu-trieu-chung-benh-sui-mao-ga-tin-y-hoc-moi.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-top-9-cach-chua-benh-tri-hieu-qua-khong-tai-phat.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/dia-chi-chua-hep-bao-quy-dau-tot-o-ha-noi-tin-y-hoc.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tin-top-dia-chi-co-chi-phi-phau-thuat-cat-bao-quy-dau-gia-tot-o-ha-noi.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/di-kham-phu-khoa-co-mat-nhieu-tien-khong-tin-y-te.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/benh-hoi-nach-la-gi-cach-chua-tri-benh-hoi-nach-triet-de-vinh-vien-tin.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/tiet-lo-bang-gia-chi-phi-chua-benh-lau-het-bao-nhieu-tien-moi-nhat.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/bang-gia-chi-phi-phau-thuat-cat-bao-quy-dau-o-ha-noi-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tin.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/chi-phi-kham-suc-khoe-sinh-san-dinh-ky-het-bao-nhieu-tien-tin-moi.html
https://trungtamytetamnongphutho.com/medical/top-tin-cac-cach-chua-benh-tri-ngoai-hieu-qua.html

Luật của Finland

Xem toàn văn:


Finland - Act on radio frequencies and telecommunications; 
Finland - Communication market ACT; 
Finland- Act on auctioning certain radio frequencies; 
Finland_ Information Society Code; 

Website Cơ Quan Quản Lý: 
https://knoema.com/atlas/sources/FICORA;



Những điểm chính trong luật

Đấu giá

Section 8, 10, 11, Information Society Code (2014):
“Section 8. Licencing procedure The Government grants licences for telecommunications operations in the meaning of section 6
(1) and for public authority network operations in the meaning of section 6
(2) free of charge as laid down in section 10. If new frequencies that are technically appropriate and appropriate for efficient frequency use are added to public telecommunications in a mobile network, the Government may decide on granting a licence by auction as laid down in Section 11.
Section 10. Issuing licences by comparative procedure A licence shall be granted if:
1) the applicant has sufficient economic resources to meet the network operator obligations; and
2) the licencing authority has no justifiable reason to suspect that the applicant will violate the provisions of this Act; and
3) the licencing authority does not have weighty reasons to suspect that granting a licence to the applicant would apparently risk national security. A licence for providing network service in a public authority network shall be granted if the applicant, in addition to fulfilling the requirements referred to in subsection 1, has the ability and professional skills needed in regard to the special nature of the operation.
If a licence referred to in subsection 1 cannot be granted to all applicants due to the scarcity of radio frequencies, it shall be granted to applicants whose operation best promotes the purposes laid down in section 1 of this Act.
All information required by the licencing authority that is necessary to assess compliance with the licence requirements referred to in section 1 shall be given in a licence application.
A decision on a licence granted by the Government shall be made within six weeks of the close of the application period. In special cases the Government may extend the six-week deadline by eight months at most if this is necessary to ensure that the application procedure is fair, reasonable, clear and transparent or to supplement the information in the applications or for other special reasons. Any extension to the deadline shall be announced publicly.
Section 11. Issuing licences through an auction process The Government shall grant a licence referred to in section 8(2) to an enterprise, organisation or association that has made the highest valid bid for the frequency band or frequency pair in the auction, unless the licencing authority has especially weighty reasons to suspect that granting the licence to the applicant in question would apparently risk national security.
Practical arrangements related to the auction are the responsibility of Ficora.
The auction shall be unbiased, clear, open, non-discriminatory and technology and service neutral.
Provisions regarding the number of frequency bands and frequency pairs to be granted, the maximum number of frequencies to be allocated to an enterprise and organisation, the auction model to be used and the starting bids for the frequencies to be auctioned shall be given by Government Decree. The auction may be conducted using an electronic auction system.
The auction may include one or more rounds with ascending bids. All bids submitted in the auction are binding until the end of the auction.
Ficora announces the auction concluded after a bidding round during which no new bids have been placed for any frequency pair or frequency band.
The highest valid bid placed for each frequency pair or frequency band at the conclusion of the auction wins the auction.”

Thi tuyển


Cấp lại

Không quy định tại Luật

Giới hạn CAP

Không quy định tại Luật

Chuyển nhượng

Luật có quy định chuyển nhượng.
Luật không đề cập đến thời gian cho phép chuyển nhượng kể từ khi được cấp phép.
Luật không đề cập đến việc chuyển nhượng trong trường hợp nào.
Luật quy định chuyển nhượng cần có sự chấp thuận bằng văn bản của cơ quan quản lý. Đơn vị nhận chuyển nhượng giấy phép sẽ được nhận toàn bộ quyền và nghĩa vụ của giấy phép.
Act on auctioning certain radio frequencies
Licence transfers 
(1) At the request of a licence holder the Government may transfer a licence, provided that it has no especially weighty reasons to suspect that the transfer might prevent competition or endanger interference-free radio communications or apparently risk national security. 
(2) Changes in the effective control with regard to the licence holder are also regarded as a transfer referred to above in subsection 1. Any changes in the effective control shall immediately be reported to the licensing authority. 
(3) The Government shall make a decision about a transfer within two months from the reception of a transfer application referred to in subsection 1 or of information referred to in subsection 2. 
(4) A licence transfer may also apply to only a part of the frequencies included in the licence. The licence holder shall explain in the transfer application as to who would be responsible for paying the licence fee provided in section 14 after the transfer. 
(5) A transfer within a corporate group between the parent company and its fully owned subsidiary shall not be regarded as a licence transfer. The Government shall be informed of such a transfer. 
(6) All rights and responsibilities of the licence holder shall transfer to the new licence holder. (7) Along with the licence transfer the related frequency reservation or radio licence shall also transfer in part or in full. The licence transferor shall immediately inform the Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority of the transfer.

Thu hồi

DN bị thu hồi một phần hoặc toàn bộ giấy phép nếu vi phạm nghiêm trọng hoặc liên tục quy định của Luật hoặc các điều khoản, quy định hoặc điều kiện cấp phép hoặc vi phạm quy định nộp tiền; hoặc không bắt đầu sử dụng tần số trong thời gian quy định.

ACT ON RADIO FREQUENCIES AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT
Section 12 - Revocation of radio licences and frequency reservations
(1) The Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority may, in full or in part, revoke a radio licence or a frequency reservation, if:
1) the licence holder, despite the measures laid down in section 36, seriously or repeatedly violates this Act or the provisions, regulations or licence conditions issued by virtue of it in a way that is significant in terms of maintaining interference-free radiocommunications, or significantly violates the obligation to pay for a radio licence or radio frequency reservation; (46/2005)
2) the licence holder, deliberately or through negligence, transmits a false distress signal referred to in section 10 of Chapter 34 of the Penal Code (39/1889), or disturbs or harms safety radiocommunications in some other way;
3) the licence holder does not use the radio frequencies allocated in the licence and fails to start using them within a reasonable time limit set by the Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority;
4) a radio transmitter uses radio frequencies in an inappropriate way on account of its technical characteristics;…